First aid is a critical skill set that empowers individuals to provide immediate care during medical emergencies. It can make the difference between life and death, and it is essential that everyone, regardless of their profession or lifestyle, has a basic understanding of first aid principles.

Effective first aid involves quick assessment, calm decision-making, and the application of appropriate techniques to stabilize an injured or ill person until professional medical help arrives.

1. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

Cardiac arrests can happen anytime and anywhere. Recognizing the signs of a cardiac arrest, such as unresponsiveness and absence of breathing, is crucial for timely intervention.

Performing CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breaths. The current guideline suggests a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, with the emphasis on high-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.

2. Use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

AEDs are designed to deliver an electric shock to a heart experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. Their presence and proper use can significantly increase the chances of survival.

Using an AED involves turning on the device, applying the pads correctly, and following the voice prompts. It is important to ensure that no one is touching the victim during the shock delivery.

3. Controlling Bleeding

Identifying the type of bleeding is important for determining the best course of action. Arterial bleeding requires immediate attention due to the high risk of blood loss.

Direct pressure, elevation, and the use of pressure points are common methods to control bleeding. In severe cases, a tourniquet may be necessary.

4. Treating Shock

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Symptoms include cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, and weakness.

First aid for shock includes laying the person down, elevating the legs, and keeping them warm and comfortable until emergency services arrive.

5. Handling Spinal Injuries

Spinal injuries can result from falls, car accidents, or sports injuries. Recognizing the signs, such as pain at the site of injury, numbness, or paralysis, is vital.

It is crucial to immobilize the spine and avoid moving the victim unnecessarily. If CPR is required, use the jaw-thrust technique without tilting the head back.